Arnold J. Toynbee

Iranian scientist (born 1992) | April 14, 1992 - Leopoldov: September 17, 1959 | Mehdi Bashiri | April 14, 1992 - Leopoldov: September 17, 1959

University of Szeged | April 14, 1977 - Strausberg: January 22, 2019 | Sarolta Deczki | April 14, 1977 - Strausberg: January 22, 2019

Tanzanian scientist | April 14, 1976 - June 21, 1867 | Fausta Shakiwa Mosha | April 14, 1976 - June 21, 1867

philosopher and writer | Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres | London: April 14, 1975 - Paris: July 3, 2005 | Mark Alizart | London: April 14, 1975 - Paris: July

Dutch columnist, philosopher and writer | Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Amsterdam | Amsterdam: April 14, 1970 - Vatican City: July 31, 1925

Russian philosopher | Russian State Geological Prospecting University, Moscow University's Department of Philosophy | Prokhladny: April 14, 1970 - Kronstadt

Russian mathematician | MSU Faculty of Physics | Smolensk: April 14, 1968 - Saratov: January 1, 1959 | Sergey Kozyrev | Smolensk: April 14, 1968 - Saratov

Professor of Optical Communications | Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology, Commander of the Order of the British Empire (2017), Fellow of

Romanian physicist | Cluj-Napoca: April 14, 1964 - Amsterdam: May 10, 1941 | Zoltán Néda (Zoltan Neda) | Cluj-Napoca: April 14, 1964 - Amsterdam: May 10, 1941

Russian philosopher | Pomorsky State University | Arkhangelsk: April 14, 1961 - Sergiyev Posad: December 15, 1891 | Elena Kudryashova | Arkhangelsk: April 14

Mexican writer | Mexico City: April 14, 1958 - Bad Ragaz: August 20, 1854 | Mauricio Pilatowsky | Mexico City: April 14, 1958 - Bad Ragaz: August 20, 1854

Danish inventor and businessman in the modern wind power industry | H.C. Ørsted silver medal (2024) | University of Southern Denmark | Hørsholm: April 14

Chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation | Allan D. Emil Memorial Award (2020), IEEE Simon Ramo Medal (2020) | Madurai Kamaraj University, Indian

French priest and philosopher (1952-) | Cardinal-Grente Prize (2021), Knight of the Legion of Honour (2015) | University of Strasbourg, Paris-Sorbonne

Russian scientist | Russian Federation Presidential Certificate of Gratitude, Order of Alexander Nevsky, Order of Honour, Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th

French physicist | University of Paris-Sud | Maisons-Laffitte: April 14, 1952 - Berlin: October 21, 1899 | Jean-Louis Viovy | Maisons-Laffitte: April 14, 1952

British biochemist | Copley Medal (2025), Emil-von-Behring-Prize (1990), Prince Mahidol Award (2016), Baly Medal (2005), Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2018)

American geneticist and director of the National Institutes of Health | AMA Scientific Achievement Award (2001), ASHG Lifetime Achievement Award (2005), Albany

Australian linguist | Monash University | Melbourne: April 14, 1950 - Honolulu: February 21, 1930 | Neomy Storch | Melbourne: April 14, 1950 - Honolulu

Hungarian mathematician | Széchenyi Prize (2009) | University of Szeged | Ambrózfalva: April 14, 1946 - July 20, 1899 | János Csirik (Janos Csirik)

Swiss chemist and professor emeritus of Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich | ETH Zurich | Zurich: April 14, 1945 - Vitré: May 6, 1891

Slovenian physicist | Boris Kidrič Fund award | University of Ljubljana | Celje: April 14, 1943 - Ljubljana: February 14, 2010 | Boris Orel | Celje: April 14

Italian philosopher (1943–2013) | University of Turin | Valenza: April 14, 1943 - Turin: November 23, 2013 | Costanzo Preve | Valenza: April 14, 1943

Swiss mathematician | ETH Zurich | Peseux: April 14, 1942 - January 1, 1596 | Max-Albert Knus | Peseux: April 14, 1942 - January 1, 1596 | ETH Zurich

Danish statistician, academic and feminist (1941–2024) | Frederiksberg: April 14, 1941 - August 5, 2024 | Inge Henningsen | Frederiksberg: April 14, 1941

Armenian chemist (1941-2020) | MSU Faculty of Chemistry, Yerevan State University | Tatev: April 14, 1941 - Goris: August 16, 2020 | Razmik Vardanyan | Tatev

American mathematician | Fellow of the American Mathematical Society (2013) | Harvard University | New York City: April 14, 1940 - February 1, 2025 | Martin

German philosopher | Hörde: April 14, 1939 - March 24, 2007 | Jürgen Frese (Jurgen Frese) | Hörde: April 14, 1939 - March 24, 2007

Polish chemist | Gold Cross of Merit, Knight of the Order of Polonia Restituta, honorary doctorate of Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 (1997), Officer of the

American academic administrator | Henry Clay High School, Rutgers University, University of Kentucky | Louisville: April 14, 1938 - Chicago: June 25, 1961

American mathematician (1937–2017) | Fellow of the American Mathematical Society (2013) | University of Michigan, Harvard University | Elkhart: April 14

Geologist from Russia (1935-1992) | Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union Prize, Honoured Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR | Moscow State

Indian activist (1934–2023) | Durban: April 14, 1934 - Kolhapur: May 2, 2023 | Arun Manilal Gandhi | Durban: April 14, 1934 - Kolhapur: May 2, 2023

American academic and literary critic (1934–2024) | Wilbur Cross Medal (2013), Truman Capote Award for Literary Criticism (2014), Pilgrim Award (2006)

Russian nuclear physicist | Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd class (2017), Demidov Prize, Ernst Mach Medal (2000), Russian Federation Government

Russian mathematician | Merited Scientist of the Russian Federation | Peter the Great Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University | Saint Petersburg: April

scientist in reliability and safety of aircraft and underwater vehicles control systems | Merited Scientist of the Russian Federation | MSU Faculty of

New Zealand chemist (1927–2007) | honorary doctor of Victoria University of Wellington (1999), Fellow of the Royal Society, Chemical Pioneer Award (1984)

French mathematician (1927–2016) | Leconte Prize (1978), Officer of the French Order of Academic Palms, Cours Peccot (1957), Knight of the Legion of Honour

Italian philosopher (1926–1993) | Genoa: April 14, 1926 - Faenza: May 25, 1993 | Enzo Melandri | Genoa: April 14, 1926 - Faenza: May 25, 1993

German mathematician (1926–2003) | Humboldt University of Berlin | Mainz: April 14, 1926 - Saarbrücken: September 26, 2003 | Erich Lamprecht | Mainz: April

Russian scientist | Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945", Honored art worker of the Russian Federation | Penza Art School

Canadian mathematician | Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1957), Member of the Order of Canada (1999), Putnam Fellow (1938), Henry Marshall Tory Medal (1979)

Swedish scientist (1916-1977) | Fellow of the Royal Society, John Scott Award (1977), Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (1968) | Karolinska Institutet

Brazilian mathematician and professor | University of São Paulo | Capivari: April 14, 1915 - São Paulo: April 14, 2006 | Edison Farah | Capivari: April 14

Mexican politician, governor of Querétaro from 1961 to 1967. | Santiago de Querétaro: April 14, 1915 - Miguel Hidalgo: February 5, 2003 | Manuel González

U.S. Marine Corps Brigadier General | Legion of Merit | Joint Forces Staff College, United States Naval Academy | Wilmington: April 14, 1908 - Inverness: October 5, 2000

Czechoslovak philosopher | Faculty of Science, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University | Bánovce nad Bebravou: April 14, 1907

Romanian mathematician (1899–1977) | University of Göttingen | Bucharest: April 14, 1899 - June 22, 1977 | Gabriel Sudan | Bucharest: April 14, 1899 - June

American mathematician | Columbia University, Washington and Lee University | April 14, 1898 - January 1, 1984 | Howard G. Funkhouser | April 14, 1898

Argentine philosopher | Pontifical Gregorian University | San Miguel de Tucumán: April 14, 1896 - July 23, 1877 | Benjamín Aybar - Benjamín Aybar Rodríguez

April 14, 1895 - Bucharest: April 16, 2007 | Ionel Nicolae Romanescu | April 14, 1895 - Bucharest: April 16, 2007

Hungarian mathematician | Budapest: April 14, 1895 - Budapest: July 23, 1975 | Ferenc Zigány (Ferenc Zigany) | Budapest: April 14, 1895 - Budapest: July 23, 1975

Indian polymath, philosopher, and social reformer (1891–1956) | honorary doctor of Osmania University (1953), honorary doctorate from Columbia University

German philosopher (1882-1936) | University of Lausanne, Heidelberg University, Humboldt University of Berlin | Berlin: April 14, 1882 - Vienna: June 22, 1936

Italian astronomer (1875-1962) | Scuola Normale Superiore. Classe di Scienze | Trieste: April 14, 1875 - Florence: July 30, 1962 | Luigi Carnera | Trieste

President of Rice University (1871-1957) | Leipzig University, University of Virginia, Bethany College | Shreve: April 14, 1871 - Houston: August 13, 1957

Swiss physicist (1870-1953) | Canton of Zürich: April 14, 1870 - Paris: May 31, 1953 | François Dussaud (Francois Dussaud) | Canton of Zürich: April 14

British astronomer (1868-1947) | Victoria College, Belfast, Girton College | Strabane: April 14, 1868 - London: September 15, 1947 | Annie Scott Dill Maunder

Canadian physicist (1867–1935) | Flavelle Medal (1926), Bakerian Lecture (1928), Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Fellow of the Royal

Russian mathematician, rector of the Imperial University of Moscow, dean of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. (1863–1927) | Faculty of Physics and

botanist, chemist and archaeologist (1861-1898) | Brno: April 14, 1861 - Sarajevo: January 28, 1898 | Franz Fiala | Brno: April 14, 1861 - Sarajevo: January 28, 1898

1861-1932) American electrical engineer | Franklin Medal (1916), Edison Medal (1917), Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, John Fritz Medal

American chemist | April 14, 1852 - December 13, 1923 | John Maxson Stillman | April 14, 1852 - December 13, 1923

Imperial Academy of Medical Surgery | April 14, 1841 - Moscow: August 29, 2016 | Nikolai Maliev | April 14, 1841 - Moscow: August 29, 2016 | Imperial

German mathematician and physicist (1838–1885) | Darmstadt: April 14, 1838 - Königsberg: March 21, 1885 | Karl Zöppritz (Karl Zoppritz) | Darmstadt: April

April 14, 1836 - Zurich: November 19, 1912 | Léon Monet (Leon Monet) | April 14, 1836 - Zurich: November 19, 1912

Danish chemist | April 14, 1836 - February 1, 1905 | Valdemar Stein | April 14, 1836 - February 1, 1905

Spanish engineer (1825-1891) | Poncelet Prize (1890), Knight of the Order of Carlos III (1857) | Barcelona: April 14, 1825 - Nice: January 29, 1891 | Carlos

Italian mathematician and politician (1823-1892) | Order of the Crown of Italy | Campobasso: April 14, 1822 - Naples: February 8, 1892 | Achille Sannia

Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class, Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class | Main Pedagogical Institute | April 14, 1821 - August 14, 1877 | Nikolay

French engineer | Lille: April 14, 1788 - Hesdin: July 3, 1846 | Alexis Hallette | Lille: April 14, 1788 - Hesdin: July 3, 1846

French physician (1787-1872) | Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences | University of Paris | Aÿ: April 14, 1787 - Paris: August 22, 1872

Italian philosopher (1732-1803) | University of Naples Federico II | Terlizzi: April 14, 1732 - Terlizzi: April 21, 1803 | Ferrante de Gemmis | Terlizzi: April

English political philosopher and author (1720–1774) | Fellow of the Royal Society | Haberdashers' Adams | London: April 14, 1720 - January 1, 1774 | Thomas

German philosopher | University of Altdorf | Nuremberg: April 14, 1648 - Altdorf bei Nürnberg: April 15, 1710 | Georg Paul Rötenbeck (Georg Paul Rotenbeck)

Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (1629–1695) | Fellow of the Royal Society | Horologium Oscillatorium, Treatise on Light, De Saturni Luna

3rd century prophet and founder of Manichaeism | Ctesiphon: April 14, 0216 - Gundeshapur: March 2, 0274 | Mani. Mar Mani hayya, Maître Mani, le Vivant